Rubin's final project sources incomplete 3-18-13

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/westtech/japanval.htm
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu36je/uu36je00.htm
http://web-japan.org/trends/11_tech-life/index.html
http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/japans-next-generation-of-renewable-energy/
http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp15.html
http://www.kahaku.go.jp/english/institution/sts/index.html
http://www.hssonline.org/publications/NonWesternPub/Japan.html
http://web-japan.org/trends/11_tech-life/tec121029.html

HW Due 3/05/13

Indo-Europeans: a group of nomadic peoples who came from the steppes

Steppes: dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus

Migration: movements of a people from one region to another, happened in waves over a long period of time

Hittites: group of Indo-European speakers

Anatolia: a huge peninsula in Turkey

Aryans: an Indo-European people whose homeland was probably somewhere between the Caspian and Aral seas

Vedas: sacred literature of the Ayrans

Brahmins: priests, who were one of the 5 social classes that the Aryans created

Castes: non-Aryans

Mahabharata: one of the great epics of India

Chapter 27.4

In this time period Great Britain had strong imperialism and occupied India as on of its colonies. Britain controlled India through military occupation but some of the soldier, the sepoys, used in India were actually Indian men hired to be soldiers for Britain. India had great potential, as it was a supplier of raw goods and also a market for British goods and thus it earned its name as the brightest “jewel in the crown” or more profitable colony in the British empire. However the crown jewel’s luster was soon diminished as the Sepoy Mutiny occurred causing sepoy soldier to rebel against Britain for their disregard of religious beliefs of the Indian people. This mutiny was a major turning point that lead to direct British rule and a time period called the Raj.

27.4 q1

Sepoy – Indian soldiers that were staffed in the army branch of the East India Company

“jewel in the crown” – the most valuable british colony

Sepoy Mutiny – sepoys became increasingly nationalist and rebelled against the british, taking back Delhi

Raj – the part of india that was directly under british rule

British Imperialism in India

1. sepoy-the british's indian soldiers
2. jewel in the crown-the most Precious jewel to the british
3. Sepoy Mutiny -The uprising increase over alot of northern India land.
4.  Raj-A British rule over India from 1757 until 1947

27.4 Homework

Homework due Thursday

Read 27.4 "British Imperialism in India" and answer assessment question 1 using your own words. Post on the blog or bring it with you to class.

• Sepoy- Soldiers that followed the British.  

• “Jewel in the crown”- Britain called India this because they had a good trading system.

• Sepoy Mutiny- People found out that their weapons had pork and beef fat, and some didn't use weapons.

• Raj- When the British conquered/ruled India.

Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture

1. Mahayana-Those who held to the Buddha’s stricter
2. Theravada -original teachings belonged to them
3.  stupa -mounded stone structures built over the holy relics.
4.  Brahma- creator of the world
5.  Vishnu-preserver of the world
6.  Shiva -destroyer of the world
7.  Kalidasa- One of India’s greatest writers
8.  Silk Roads-a vast network of caravan routes

Chapter 7.2

Buddhism, after the death of the Buddha split into religious segments: Mahayana and Theravada. Mahayana Buddhism following the belief that the Buddha was a god and people could become bodhisattvas to help enlighten other people. Theravada beliefs followed the older strict path of individual practice and the belief that Buddha was just simply an enlightened man. With this new Buddhist growth stupas were built over relics to honor the faith and promote good karma, prayer, and meditation.  Also being reborn was the Hindu faith. The Hindu faith began to recognize the three facets of a single god; Brahma the creator of the world, Vishnu the preserver of the world, and Shiva the destroyer of the world. Culture and knowledge in India began to grow and evolve as well. Literature and drama were building and a famous Indian writer, Kalidasa, was an important figure whose work not only inspired at the time but is still written down today. The Silk Roads helped then to spread this art and culture, Indian goods, and to bring in new ideas and goods to India.

homework

• Sepoy  were India soldiers being lead by British officers.
• jewel in the crown is what the British called India.
• Sepoy Mutiny was the name for a India rebellion taking place.
• Raj are people who referred to the British rule.

Thursdays homework

Sepoys were Indian soldiers in the company's army. The officers of this army were British. The British called India the "jewel in the crown" because India was a major supplier of raw materials and India's population was around 300 million, so it had a huge marketing potential for British goods. The Sepoy Mutiny was the rebellion of sepoys. This rebellion was caused by the British greasing the cartridges with beef and pork fat. This was an insult to the Indians considering most of them are Hindu or Muslim. The Raj was the time between 1757 and 1947 when India was ruled and controlled by the British.

Mahayana is a group of Buddhists that had teaching that were new
Theravada are Buddhists that loved  tradition
Stupa is a building made by wealthy people to honor Buddhism
Brahma is the maker in Buddhism
Vishnu is the preserver
Shiva is the destroyer
kalidasa is an important writer and poet
silk roads are the trade networks throughout countries

tigers homework

1.
Sepoy- Indian Soliders.
Jewel in the crown- British term for saying that India is Britains most valuable colony.
Sepoy muttiny- The rebellion where the Indian soldiers found out about their cartridges were made of and knew it went against their religions and decided to rebel.
Raj- When the Britains ruled over India from 1747 to 1957.

Sec assessment due 3-7-13

- Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought for the British - what the British called India the jewel being a very valuable piece so this saying showed its importance to the British. - An outbreak by the sepoys be Use they were offended by the British so they caught against them and took over Delhi. - British rule in India from 1757 to 1947. -

7.4 question 1

The sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought with the British Army. "Jewel in the Crown" was how the British described India because they believed India was a valuable colony. The Sepoy Mutiny is the rebellion the sepoys caused because of cartridges covered in cow and pork meat. The Raj is what was referred to for the part of India that was directly controlled by the British.

v  • Sepoy: soldiers that followed the British

v  “Jewel in the crown”: what Britain’s called India because they had good trading goods

v  Sepoy Mutiny: when the people found out that the weapons that they used were greased with pork and beef fat. So most of them didn’t use the weapons. If they didn’t they would be arrested.

v Raj: when the British had conquered or ruled India

hw 3-6-13

Sepoys-Indian soldiers, served as the East India Trading Company's personal army.
Jewel in the Crown- term coined by British for India's value to Britain
Sepoy Mutiny- an uprising in which Indian rebelled again the British on suspicion that their rifle cartridges were being greased with beef and pork fat
Raj- time when British ruled India from 1757-1947

27.4

1. Sepoy- Sepoys were Indian soldiers that were led by the British.
2. "Jewel in the Crown"- What the British considered India because of how much potential it has in the market.
3. Sepoy Mutiny- The Sepoy Mutiny is when the Sepoys heard that their cartridges were greased with beef and pork fat. The soldiers were outraged at this and they did not take their weapons. The soldiers that did not accept the weapons were jailed and the Sepoys rebelled the next day.
4. Raj- A time in India's history when the British ruled over India.

3513

Indo-Europeans = a group of nomads

steppes- grasslands that are dry

migration- journey or movement into another place

Hittites- indo European speakers

Anatolia- Turkish peninsula

Aryans-   indo European speakers that migrated east

Vedas - ancient writing

Brahmin's- Aryan priest

caste- four rank system of  Buddhism

Mahbharata-  epic of India

tigers homework

1.
Mahayana- Buddhists who have divided over the new doctrines.
Theravada- Buddhist priests who believed in the buddhas original teachings.
Stupas- Stone structures that were built over anything that was declared a holy relic.
Brahma- hindu god that is known as the creator of the world.
Vishnu- hindu god known as the preserver of the world.
Shiva- hindu god known as the destroyer of the world.
Kalidasa- An indian writer who might have been known as the court poet of Chadra Gupta II.
Silk roads- A network of caravan routes.

Sec asses 3-4-13

- A sect in which people who accepted the new doctrine belonged to. - A sect in which people who followed the strick Buddhist teachings belonged to . -A stupa is a holy structure built over relics in which the people would meditate at. - Brahman thought to be the most important Hindu god and the created of the world. - Vishnu who was the second god and also the preserver of the world - Shiva the third god and the destroyer of the world. - Kalidasha was one of the most important writers of the time and some believe he was the court poet for Chandra Gupta. - Vast caravan routes throughout Asia to modern day Middle East and as far as Africa. These routes were used primarily for trade.

7.2 homework

• Mahayana was the word to call people that accepted the Buddhist religion.
• Theravada was what people called the Buddhist who held Buddha’s stricter.  
• Stupa Were stone structures made for merchants that paid for them to be constructed.
• Brahma is one of the three main gods of the Hindu religion.
• Vishnu is one of the three main gods of the Hindu religion.
• Shiva is one of the three main gods of the Hindu religion.
• Kalidasa he is an amazing writer and his poetry is really great.
• Silk Roads was important because it was the network to all of the different countries for trading. 

Chapter 7.2

The Mahayana were the ones who accepted the new changes to Buddhism. The Theravada are the ones who believed in the original Buddhism. Stupas were structures built around holy relics to protect them. Hindu had three major gods named Brahma who is the creator of the world, Vishnu was the preserver of the world, and Shiva was the destroyer of the world. Kalidasa was a a great write from India who wrote plays and possibly a court poet. The Silk Roads was a combination of routes which traders used to trade with China all the way to Rome.

ch 7.2 q1

Mahayana – form of Buddhism that accepts newer doctrines

Theravada – form of Buddhism that celebrates traditional teachings and aspects

Stupa – stone structures built over holy relics

Brahma – hindu god of preservation

Vishnu – hindu god of preservation

Shiva – the hindu god of destruction

Kalidasa – great indian poet and writer of the shakuntala

Silk Roads – vast network of caravan routes in central asia

Chapter 7.2

Homework due Wednesday Read Chapter 7.2 and answer assessment question 1 in your own words. Post your answers on the blog or bring it with you to class. • Mahayana- A group of Buddhists that had some new teachings which had to do with worship. • Theravada- Buddhists that enjoyed old traditions and did the ceremonies by the book. • Stupa- Usually made of rock and were built near or on a holy object. • Brahma- Hindu god  known as maker of the world. • Vishnu- Hindu god known as preserver of the world • Shiva- Hindu god know as destruction of the world. • Kalidasa- An important writer in India. • Silk Roads- Big network of trade routes.

7.2

The Mahayana were the people who accepted the new doctrines. Theravada is the group that stuck to Buddha's stricter and original teachings. Stupas were mounded stone structures in which were built over holy relics. Brahma is the creator god and is one of the three most important gods to Hindus. The second is the preserver god Vishnu. The third god is Shiva who is the destroyer of the world.  Kalidasa is one of India's greatest writers. The Silk Roads were a bunch of trade routes that stretched from China, western Asia, and Rome. They traded silk on these trade routes hence the name Silk roads.

   Mahayana-a group of Buddhists that acknowledged some of the new teachings that had to do with worship and ceremony

   Theravada- Buddhists that liked the old traditions they did ceremonies by the book.

   Stupas-things that were built on or near a holy object and was usually made of rock

   Brahma- important Hindu god known as maker of the world.

   Vishnu- another Hindu god known as preserver of the world

   Shiva: the 3^rd god he is the god of destruction

   Kalidasa- an important writer in India.

   Silk roads- a big network of trade routes.

3-5-13 hw

Mahayana-a division of Buhdists that accepted the new Buhdust teachings of worship, and belief that one could ascend to become a buhdda.
Theravada- A division of Buhdists that were more traditional and strict, did buhdism by the book.
stupas-structures built over holy objects, made of rock
Brahma- one of 3 most important Hindu gods, maker of the world.
Vishnu-second of most important hindu gods, preserver of the world
Shiva-3rd of most important hindu gods, he makes the world go boom
Kalidasa- one of india's most revered writers.
Silk roads- a rather large in size network of caravan trade routes.

Chapter 7.2 Assessment

1. Mahayana- One of the branches of Buddism.
2. Theravada- The original teaching of Buddism.
3. Stupas- A stone structure that was built over holy objects.
4. Brahma- The creator of the world in Hindu religion.
5. Vishnu- The preserver of the world in Hindu religion.
6. Shiva- The destroyer of the world in Hindu religion.
7. Kalidasa- A writer that is considered one of India's greatest.
8. Silk Roads- A network of trade routes throughout the Middle East.

Section 1 Assessment

1. Indo-European- The Indo Europeans were nomadic people that traveled from place to place.
2. Steppes- Steppes are flat grassy planes that stretch for miles and miles
3. Migration- Migration is when groups move from one place to another.
4. Hittetes- A group of people that spoke Indo-European languages.
5. Anatolia- A peninsula located in modern day Turkey. It is rocky and a high plateau.
6. Aryans-  Indo-European peoples that came around 1500 B.C and lived around the Caspian and Aral seas.
7. Vedas- A collection of religious rituals that belonged to the Aryans.
8. Brahmin- Indian priests.
9. Caste- A social system created by the Aryans.
10. Mahabharata- One of the Sanskrits epic poems.

The Indo-European

Indo-European is a term important to this section because it is a term referring to the pastoral people who would later form India’s population and is relevant to us personally because the Indo-European language would help build English, Spanish, Hindi, Persian, Sanskrit, German and more languages.

The steppes are the grasslands north or the Caucasus that the Indo-Europeans migrated from and are important as they are geographically relevant to this section and the section before; also these are the origins of many civilizations.

Migration is a term important to this section and world history in general because we did not come from the country we currently live in, our ancestors had to come from other lands and we can trace back all of humanity through migration.

Hittites were Indo-European speakers who occupied modern day Turkey and were important due to their advanced iron weapons and chariots which were technologies perfected by their people and latter spread.

Anatolia was the Hittite occupied area of what is now Asia Minor and modern day turkey, this is important in order to better understand how these ancient cultures would relate to the modern named for this region.

Aryans were important as they spread through India, left early written records, and built the views and culture of India such as the cast system.

The Vedas were early religious scripts that lead to later Hindu beliefs but most importantly historically these scripts gave us a view of what early Aryan life was like.

Brahmin is a term for the top of the cast system which is priests and is important because it conveys the values and what was important to the ancient Aryan people.

The caste system was the social structure build by the Aryans that was in India dividing the class levels or people and this was important is it was the structure of Aryan society and was also their religious belief.

Mahabharata was a great epic written about the Aryan migration and the cultural mixture or Aryan and non-Aryan people in this time and is an important historical document as it shows the events that happened and the views of the ancient people.

The Indo-Europeans

The Indo-Europeans were nomads who started the base of the Indo-European language family. The steppes are is grassy and dry land in the Caucasus Mountains. A migration is the travels of a group of people from one area to another. Anatolia is modern day Turkey which was occupied by a group of Indo-Europeans called the Hittites. Another group of Indo-Europeans is called the Aryans. They created the Vedas which were sacred literature. Brahmins were priests in the Aryan caste system. A caste is a group within a social system. The Mahabharata is the representation of the struggles the Aryans had as they migrated and it was the way the cultures blended.

Indo-Europeans Question 1

1. Indo-Europeans- The languages of Indo-Europeans were the ancestors of many of the modern languages of Europe
2. Steppes- they needed cattle, sheep, and goats and the Caucasus
3. Migration- they had a problem so they had to migrate or in other words
   movements of a people from one region to another, happened in waves over a long period of time.
4. Hittites- they occupied Babylon, the chief city in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley, and struggled with Egypt for control of northern Syria.
5. Anatolia- Has Nearby mountains that holds important mineral deposits.The city of Hattusas was its capital.
6. Aryans- settled in India, they developed closer contacts with non-Aryans. To regulate those contacts, the Aryans made class restrictions more rigid. also it had the caste system, and that was extremly inportant to the Aryans.
7. Vedas- Whats significant about vedas is that The most important of the collections is the Rig Veda.The Rig Veda contains 1,028 hymns to Aryan gods. For many years, no written
   form of the Vedas existed. Instead, elders of one generation passed on this tradition
   orally to the next generation.
8. Brahmin-the important things about Brahmin is that it had priests, warriors, and peasants or traders.
9. Caste- The caste membership determined the work they did, the man or woman they could marry, and the people with whom they could eat. Cleanliness and purity became all-important becuase Those considered the most impure because of their work (butchers, gravediggers,
   collectors of trash). they lived outside the caste structure. They were known as “untouchables,”
   since even their touch endangered the ritual purity of others.
10. Mahabharata- reflects the struggles that took place in India as the Aryans moved south. Elements of the indicate that a blending of cultures was taking place between Aryan and non-Aryan peoples.

     

      

The Indo-Europeans

Homework due Tuesday Read Chapter 3.1 "The Indo-Europeans" and answer assessment question 1 using your own words. Post it on the blog or bring it with you to class. - The Indo-Europeans were nomadic. They herded cattle, sheep, and goats.  - The Steppes was made of grass plain. The Indo-Europeans lived and feed their animals there. - Migration happened when they had to move because they needed a lot of grass to feed their animals. -The Hittites were formed in 2000 BC and were a group of nomads. - Anatolia is now know as Turkey, but was a big headland. -Aryans are people who lived around the two sea's Caspian and Aral. - A Vedas is a book that contains how to do certain ceremonies and have the four prayers. - Brahmin was a three classes which included peasants and soldiers. - Caste was a different social class only this one included four different classes. -Mahabharata is something reminding people how the Aryans struggled in order to arrive in Southern India

Tigers homework

1.
Indo-Europeans- a group of nomadic people.
Steppes- Dry grasslands.
Migration- A long journey.
Hittites- a group of indo-european speakers.
Anatolia- a huge peninsula in turkey.
Aryans- a group of info- european speakers who were guessed to have settled east of the steppes.
Vedas- The Aryans sacred literature.
Brahmins- an Aryan priest
Caste- the buddhist social system.
Mahabharata- A great epic of India.

tuesday homework question number one:

•            Indo-Europeans they were nomadic they herded cattle, sheep, and goats. They trained horses so they could use them in fights/ arguments. .

•    The Steppes are made up from grass plains or lands that the indo- Europeans lived in so they could feed there animals

•      Migration is when a big amount of the indo- Europeans would move when there was not enough grass to feed there animals.

•   The Hittites were a bunch of nomads that were together in a small group around 2000 B.C.

•   Anatolia was a huge headland that to this day we know it as Turkey.

•   Aryans: people who lived around two seas the Caspian and Aral seas.

•   A Vedas is like a manual book for the four prayers, magical spells, and tips on how to preform certain ceremonies.

•    The Brahmins were three classes these included the traders peasants and soldiers.

•   the Castes was another social class except this one included four different classes.

a Mahabharata is the thing that reminds people how the Aryans struggled in order to arrive in Southern India.