Project Bid

My project will be about chinese modern military and weaponry. I will look at how the chinese use technology as weapon in military use.

Homework Due 2/26/13 - Cameron Santos

Capitalism and Communism go well together in my opinion, and because China is capitalist and communistic, China's economy is arguably becoming more stable than America's. The government is China makes decisions based on their interests, leaving the people out. This can go both ways as far as "good or bad" but in the end they can advance faster considering their is only one authority that can "veto" any decisions.

If China's economy is not already better than America's, it will be soon. I think it already should be because we owe them a lot of money. After reading an article about China I still can not ignore America. The idea of trade is something the Chinese have never seemed to need, even thousands of years ago. Although, America is much quicker to trade with others, meaning more money. At the same time, China make lots of money off of what they have. which is quite literally everything, proven by the fact that when they trade they are only exporting.

india

I didn't understand most of their religion, believes, imagery's, and concepts because it is so foreign but  try and learn that is what make the mind better learning. This is what i found in the videos of India it is astounding to have millions or hundreds of thousands why not just have one? I wonder how long it took monks to learn and memorize all of their gods. I can't quite get over the tea that makes you super human i have not had this tea but wish too my grandparents have several times. It is interesting to find out how many people started their civilization and how it started so long ago.

Beginings of India

This was an interesting way to begin studying India because it didn’t follow the usual chronological and factual pattern of most historical videos and text books. Instead it is more broad and general way. I did not know hardly anything about India so it was interesting to begin with the basics of the age and gene pool of the population in India. Religion and language being a secondary thing were also interesting given that I am used to living in a western world where we are used to monotheism and with that male religious figures and a male “god”. The documentary goes very quickly from early people to cities, which is a large jump in time that is a fairly substantial gap. Next the documentary continues to say how old India was and that, when occupied by Britain, people did not know how old it was; predating the bible and not actually primitive at all.

                While this documentary doesn’t give too many concrete facts it give an over views of India’s beliefs and the basis of what it is. This video conveys well the continuity of India. It shows that India has diversity in cultural views and people but a consistency in values and lineage. The large population is not only vast but ancient in history. The people have a constant genetic pool making them seem strongly connected despite the vast numbers. To equally represent the vast population is also a vast number of deities which is interesting given this area geographically and the events that lead to what is most common in modern religions. This documentary over all gives India a strong somewhat inviting feel. Like a crowded room of family or people at a party that does not leave you daunted by its masses but rather welcomed.

India

I found it to be intriguing that India doesn't have one god but millions. I wonder if they have to learn them all. And do they pray to each god for each separate thing. I was also surprised that India's history began very early as well. Like how they were already in many cities by 7,000 BC.
Some other things such as some of their earliest populations started at 200,000.
India was actually an island 13 million years ago floating in the sea until it crashed into asia.

The story of India

India has one of the oldest civilizations in the world. They also have one of the oldest religions. This is very interesting to me because it has barely been changed over time. The only thing they did change was adding more gods to their religion. This is also interesting because they have stayed close to their roots for how long their culture has been around.

To me the culture of India is very rich and interesting. I really love how they stayed close to their roots because most religions around the time changed gradually over time. Other things I like from there culture is that they made their culture before they made cities and a language. To me the culture of India is very interesting I would like to learn more.

India

            At the beginning of the video the guide talks about how the culture of the India people has been the same forever. Their culture has been tested by other cultures trying to take over India. The next topic the guide talks about how the people of India worship over 100 gods and goddesses. They even made a temple that has all of the god and goddesses on the outside of the roof.

            When you get more into the video the guide starts to talk more and more about culture. He also talks about agriculture in India and how it’s different from other countries. The guide also goes to Pakistan because at one time it was part of India.  

this video explains India's history. The man who made this documentary said that India had small villages since before early Egypt and that they were the first or were one of the first countries to start having small communities or villages.

he explained how the religion does not change. he showed us the building that had the gods/godesses on it. it was so beautiful. it had vishnu, shiva, Agni and more! he explained or showed us were the people went to worship the mother god or the main god and it had the elephant rub its trunk on the peoples head and in india animals are very important the elephant is a symbol of india in a way. and there is a god named Ganesh he is a elephant that has only one tusk and he is the son of the god shiva and the a goddess named Parvati.

then he talked about the geographic parts of india and pakistan  used to be part of india but the Indus  river separated them and they used that as a boarder.

Intro to India

In the video I learned a brief introduction to India. It's seems like India has had a longer and more complicated background than I thought. They mentioned that it was once a part of modern day Pakistan which I didn't know and that alotnofnthe practices and beliefs of the Indians are very similar to Pakistanis. Also a main part of India that I think will be more important than it was in china is the practice of religion. The video mentioned that they believe in thousands of gods which leads me obviously to believe that they are very polytheistic and that is important to them.

The Story of India

All the invasions and migrations, the gene pool is one of the unchanging roots of India, as the religion and language are always willing to change. Along with worshiping the Mother Goddess, there are many others that link humanity with the natural world.

The turning point for India was the rise of cities. In 1700 BC is when civilization happened, At this time India was under England's rule.

The Story of India: Beginnings

This video was very interesting and educational. I thought it was cool that they used DNA testing to trace back and found one of the original Indians. At first people didn't think that India was that old but it turned out to be really old. One clue of this was Harappa.
Something that I thought was really interesting was that India was at once an island and then collided with where it is now and that formed the Himalayas. There are scriptures by far older than the bible in India. Sands script which is an ancient language of India is very similar to Latin and Greek. Arians had carts. The Mahabharat is the longest poem in the world and was written in Sand script.

Tuesday

Communism and capitalism are compatible. They are compatible because there is like an equality and cooperative aspect to these two systems.

billionaire princelings ruin a Chinese vision
dengs wanted to have the living conditions that people were living in to be better, it did work because it  helped about 600 million people. but about 30 more years later china became a communist time or era

2-26-13 chinese capitalism

This article started off by capitalizing on the fact that sometime in the near future, China's economy will surpass America's. Which is really no surprise  since China practically owns us at this point due to our admirably huge debt. One of the things that facilitates capitalist growth in China is the amount of power the government gets. In a way, it would seem that communism works a bit better in some ways than we give them credit for since, government doesn't have to worry so much about the people's opinions they can go ahead with their plans and save time.

tues. hw

The aftermath of Deng's reforms were the exact opposite of what Deng wanted to happen. Children of the so called immortals messed everything up, and made inequality rates skyrocket. In this high bracket of people that includes all of the immortals offspring, all the companies and production lines etcetera have a combined worth of 1.6 trillion USD (1/5th of china's GDP). This in itself should demonstrate how crazy the divide is between rich and poor.

These thoughts directly contradict the idea of communism, as equality doesn't exist in this sort of situation (not everyone can have a trillion dollars). The idea that this equality is also being breached through the redaction of the ability to go anywhere on the Internet is completely foreign to me as an American, and it just goes to show how corrupt this system truly is. Something that further demonstrate this is when an average civilian can be construed as an adversary of the government for wanting to Google something.

the very idea that a country would try to reform its idea system, and have that go extremely well, then have it backfire and go the other way is appalling. the people who are a part of the bigger picture need to open their eyes and realize that the wealth gap between them and the poor is only going to lead to an uprising. the communistic principles of the past are being misconstrued for someones own gain, while leaving all else in the dust, and if this is truly what a world power looks like, then it wont be powerful for long.

"Billionaire Princelings Ruin a Chinese Vision"

The article was mainly about how the China is slowly returning to its former glory in becoming a world super power. It is said that China's economy will surpass the U.S.'s economy in about 15 years or more. China is basically becoming America but communist.
China's biggest threat is itself. Keeping their people off of sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Google will only encourage the people to rebell. Also the goverment it hiding the truth from their people. The communist party is in charge of censoring the internet.
Like in America the rich Chine's leaders have all the power. The government is essentially corrupted. If the economy crashed in China it would be way more sever than the when the U.S.'s ecomony crashed in 2008. Over a million people would be struggling to find something to eat. Also the Chines leaders are making money off of thier people working in sweat shops.

Billionaire Princelings Ruin a Chinese Vision(wealth grab)

          To get things straight, Mao Zedong had alot of power during this time in 1949. He changed the world by just meeting two important people, Richard Nixon and Deng Xiaoping who engineered the economic boom that has been unfolded since then. Now two people named Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein had a good plan to take down Nixon is to unearth the rot that has taken hold in Deng’s vision for his people. Now Dengs plan was to cement Communist Party’s rule by boosting living standards. Dengs plan succeeded by lifting some 600 million people out of poverty and putting China on a growth path that may allow the country’s economy to surpass the U.S.’s in 15 years or so.
           The Immortals wasnt really promising on how their children would make life harder for them by harnessing the trust of the state and top-level political connections, these princelings are reaping outsized benefits from China’s growth. After 30 long years of explosive growing for them, opening markets, reducing poverty, and inequality levels now echo the pre-Communist era. For the Wealth grabs one of the modern history greatest wealth grabs making the Rich-poor divides get better but the bad part that is that the reforms needed to roll back the state control that masks underlying economic inefficiency are taking alot more longer than usaul.
          There is a lot of money in the status quo in an unfathomable amount, in fact Just three of the Immortals’, dozens of children and their spouses also among them Deng’s son-in-law and the son of Mao’s economic czar are founded or to run companies with combined assets of $1.6 trillion as of last year. Just trust me, thats alot becuase if i had that much money like that, i would be living life and my life and family would be so much easier, more fun, and less complicated.
          

Chinese Capitalism

Capitalism and democracy or capitalism and communism are two combinations of government that can both work together. These combinations have been used in both China and America. China however is rapidly getting a better economy than America with the combination of capitalism and communism.

In my opinion either combination could work. Within Communism and capitalism you only have to please on party to trade but that is also a fault because if they don't like your proposal of trade there won't be anyone else to trade with. With the US it is different because more of the people get to decide on the trade which can be more profitable. Communism though provides a good group of capitalism because as soon as investors see that there is profitable trade in something that party will have many investors making more producers turn to them for trade.

To me both combinations are good. But i think i would stay with democracy and capitalism just because if a trade falls there are still others to trade with. So i would trade with communists but more with democracies for purpose of healthy trade.

"Billionaire Princelings Ruin a Chinese Vision"

Deng's plan was to boost living standards to the Communist Party, which succeeded and lifted 600 million people out of the poverty, they just didn't know how the children would make a mess of it. The princelings out sized the benefits of China's growth. After 30 good years of opening markets and reducing poverty, it final dropped and then it went to the pre-communist era.

NY Times Article

This article for whatever reason was a lot more difficult to understand than the other ones we have read in this class. Capitalism and communism are not traditionally thought to be compatible but after reading this article (and rereading it) I began to see that the two could actually work well together. Popular American belief has been that capitalism is a concept that immediately comes with democracy but it does not need to. And this poses the question; when capitalism can flourish under both democratic and communist governments, which will it thrive under more affluently?

Due to the increasing economy in China that will surpass that of America in 2016, we begin to see that-under the right circumstances- communist capitalism can be quite successful. And this when looked at from another angle is understandable. When working in a certain direction communism can make more immediate change than democracy because there is only one part that needs to feel a certain way as opposed to two, this is where the under the right circumstances comes in. This also makes china a valuable business partner, values and government aside. In business we are not concerned with rights and values and government structures unless they affect the effectiveness and productivity or a business transaction. If you need a job done and capitalism is the means then communist or not the issue becomes what country is the most effective and produces the output?

However in the same way a communist government is quickly and easily able to carry out government tasks, the issue falls to who is making these decisions. If all dictators were circumspective and intelligent than they would by far be the best government productivity without resistance. This is in fact where the democracy on the United States comes from though, the belief that their monarchy was not ruling effectively. So while a dictatorship and communism can be incredibly productive and fruitful under one “just” party or person, it can just as easily be tyrannical and destructive. A communist government with a leader that keeps in mind the views of his or her people would be incredibly effective in communism, but a communist democracy is less risky. To make progress less quickly is not always a necessity of the quick decisions are made poorly and the slower ones have a better representation of a communities views.

A ruined Chinese vision

The soon to be chinese president, who has lived in America for so long, might change a lot in China by turning the government system from Communism to Capitalism. Things would be a lot different if China became a capitalist country. America will be relying on China even more than ever if they become capitalist.

Homework

Communism and capitalism are similar in a certain way. For example, communism is more of a controlled social and economic system, while capitalism is more free and things are more openly available to people. They can be similar to each other because they both make up the rich and the poor, the privileged and underprivileged. They are also polar opposites to each other as well as sharing some of the same principles and ideas.

In my opinion, I do not think the two will be able to go hand-in-hand. There are too many opposites and not enough of the same ideas and principles being shared with each other. Communism is very controlling, while capitalism allows more open space for things. You are allowed more freedom with capitalism and with communism it's like you are on a chain and leash.

With the size and population of China growing, it is inevitable that it's economy will surpass America's. The idea of communism spreading to the western world scares people. They do not like change, they stick to old ideas and some do not like to accept new ideas. It could better the country or it could mess it up entirely. In my opinion, I like living in a capitalist country.

Homework Due 2/13/13 - Cameron Santos

As far as information about individual dynastys and information about the dynastys, the book explained much more. The video how ever took the idea of dynastys in general and explains the "cycle" of which one dynasty replaces another in a more engaging way. I prefer the delivery that the book presents because I learned about individual dynastys that had much importance to China.

Homework Due 2/21/13 - Cameron Santos

The Chinese have proved to have much of a technological advantage over other countries. I am not surprised that they decided to start making phones, or "smart" phones. When America making so much money off of this market China could easily see this as an opportunity to beat Americans at their own game and make even more money. At the least, China will make as much money as the current mobile phone companies. The article states in many situations that China is showing off and releasing new devices. What some might not realize, is how significant these new devices are. The article describes one of the companies phones to be waterproof, and also better than todays iPhone, at a cheeper price! Customers who notice this will most likely go to China to buy their new phone that they can drop in water with out worry.

Notes

Tigers

Xia Shang Zhou

timeline

　　禹、启、太康、仲康、相、少康、予、槐、芒、泄、不降、扃、廑、孔甲、皋、发、癸（桀）

　　公元前2070——前1600年 

　　商前期年表：

　　汤、太丁、外丙、中壬、太甲、沃丁、太庚、小甲、雍己、太戊、中丁、外壬、河甲、祖乙、祖辛、沃甲、祖丁、南庚、阳甲、盘庚（迁殷前） 公元前1600——前1300年 

　　商后期年表：

　　盘庚（迁殷后） 公元前1300年

　　小辛 | 在位50年

　　小乙 前1251年

　　武丁 前1250年——前1192年 在位59年

　　祖庚 前1191年

　　祖甲 |

　　廪辛 | 在位44年

　　康丁 前1148年

　　武乙 前1147年——前1113年 在位35年

　　文丁 前1112年——前1102年 在位11年

　　帝乙 前1101年——前1076年 在位26年

　　帝辛（纣） 前1075年——前1046年 在位30年 

　　西周年表：

　　武王 公元前1046年——前1043年 在位4年

　　成王 前1042年——前1021年 在位22年

　　康王 前1020年——前996年 在位25年

　　昭王 前995年——前997年 在位19年

　　穆王 前976年——前992年 在位55年

据文献记载，夏代统治的四百年间，都城曾多次迁徙，如阳城、阳翟、斟、帝丘、原、老丘、西河……等，但是这些遗址现均无从追索。公元1975年在河南登封告成镇王城岗，发现毗连方形小城（每边长度约100米）二座，其大部夯土城墙尚可辨析。在城内夯土残基中，有数处埋葬二至七人之奠基坑，还出土了陶器及少量铜器碎片。经碳14检测，此城建造时间距今4000±65年，相当夏代早期。有学者认为此遗址即夏代始帝禹的都邑——阳城。公元1979年在河南淮阳平粮台，亦发现相当于夏初（测定为4130±100年）之古城。该城平面方形，每边长185米，方位北偏东六度。夯土城墙残高3.5米，基宽13米。城内有房基十余处，部分建于土台之上，部分建于平地。屋墙已普遍使用土坯砖，砖的形状有长方形、方形及三角形多种，墙外表有的涂抹草泥。城内又发现由轮制之陶水管多节及冶炼后之铜渣。

商代诸王亦多次迁都，已知者有西亳、傲、相、耿、邢、奄、殷等。现经发掘者有河南洛阳偃师县尸乡沟商城，该城北依邙山，南临洛水，建在洛水北岸稍稍隆起的高地上。其平面大体呈南北长之矩形，面积约190万平方米。南垣已为洛河冲毁，城内探出有城门七处。门道两侧遗有木柱洞，道下沟底铺鳞状石片，系城之排水沟。城内南端有周以围墙的集中夯土台，估计为宫室所在。再据文献《尚书·序》说“汤始居亳”、《帝王世纪》说“蒙为北亳”、“谷熟为南亳”、“偃师为西亳”及地望，此城很可能是一世成汤所居的西亳。晚商时盘庚迁都于殷（今河南安阳西北）。该遗址东西广6公里，南北长4公里，迄今尚未发现城墙。其宫殿位于洹水河曲之南岸，环以手工业区及民居。王室、贵族的墓葬则集中于洹水之北岸。

夏、商、周三代建筑概况

夏代建筑的遗迹极少，目前尚无完整的发现。继夏的商代则有较多的遗迹显露出来，已发现的商代城市有王都（河南洛阳及郑州商城、安阳殷墟）及诸侯城（湖北黄陂盘龙城）。

宫室以晚商安阳的殷墟为典型，已沿中轴顺序排列祭祀、朝廷与后宫三群建筑。位于武官村一带的王室墓葬规模宏大，由墓道、墓穴、二层台、腰坑等组成，墓中除有殉人、车马及多种动物外，附近另有大量供祭祀之杀殉坑。有的墓上发现建有祭祀建筑。一般居住建筑大多为地面房屋，半穴居甚少。条状及多室建筑已相当普遍。根据文献记载，商代已有皇家苑囿。

由文献记载及考古发掘的周代城市，除王都丰、镐、雒邑以外，大小诸侯城（如齐国的临淄、鲁国的曲阜、燕国的下都、楚国的郢都、赵国的邯郸等）为数甚多，其规模与平面布局极不一致，但“内城外郭”之制已很明显。在《周礼》中对王城及诸侯城之面积大小、垣阙高低、道途宽窄……已有若干简单记载，由于各遗址屡经改建与破坏，已无从予以证实。这时出现的筑城高潮，与诸侯之间长期残酷的兼并战争有直接关系。此外，为了防御和扩大边界，还沿边界或险阻构筑边城，秦、燕、楚、齐诸侯国边城遗迹仍清晰可见。以后又发展为针对外族匈奴入侵的长城防御系统。统治阶级的淫奢享受，大大推动了宫殿、离宫、苑囿的建设。

由于当时未解决木石材料的多层结构问题，因此上述建筑大多建造在高大的土台上，这就是后来所谓的“高台建筑”。

统治阶级墓葬的地下部分，仍保留着商以来的固有形式。但某些战国的贵族墓上，已建有高大的土丘和祭祀建筑。在建筑材料用于构造和装饰方面，已制作并使用了覆盖屋面的陶瓦、铺砌地表的陶砖，以及少量的金属（铜）构件。这是建筑中的重大进步。

夏、商、周三代建筑技术与建筑艺术的成就

这一时期的建筑技术与建筑艺术成就是基础性的，其影响极为深远。主要有以下七个方面：

１．在建筑设计中，特别是皇家建筑，已有了事先踏勘地形和规划布置。周武王建雒邑，即命周公旦赴当地“相土尝水”。另如秦雍城之宫殿、坛庙，以及商、周之贵族墓葬，显然都是经过规划才施工的。而在商代藁城台西民居墙内发现的白云母及石英划出的直线，以及战国中山国王墓内出土的铜版《兆域图》，也都具体说明了这个问题。

２．就使用功能而言，到周代为止，宫殿、坛庙、陵墓、官署、监狱、作坊、民居……等建筑均已出现。也就是说，作为中国传统建筑最主要的内涵都已经具备了。

３．自原始社会就已大量使用的土木结构，到夏、商、周时期，这种方法得到进一步发展。以木柱梁为房屋结构的形式已经成为当时建筑的（特别是统治阶级的）主流，柱网亦逐渐趋于整齐，又出现了斗拱这种具有中国特色的重要建筑结构构件。虽然实物无存，但间接表现在西周初期青铜器令和战国中山国王陵出土之铜架中，木构件也更加精确多样。夯土广泛用于筑城、大面积广庭和建筑台基，技术又有了提高，特别是高台建筑的出现，是与夯土分不开的。

４．陶制地砖、屋瓦、水管和井圈，铰叶等的使用，是建筑技术上一个重大进步，不但发掘了新的建筑材料，改进了建筑构造，延长了使用时间，还改善和美化了人们的生活。在陵墓中使用白胶泥和积沙的方式以防水、防盗，也应说是相当成功的措施。

５．等级制度已越来越多地反映到建筑中来，商代墓葬制式即是一例。到周代封建制度更加谨严，例如对各级城市的面积、城阙高度、道路宽窄……均有明确规定。在使用色彩上亦有区别，如柱子的颜色，规定：“天子丹，诸侯黝，大夫苍，士。”

６．衡量建筑尺度的标准也逐渐规格化。如周代对道路的宽窄以“轨”度之，城墙高宽以“仞”、“雉”、“寻”度之，一般建筑用“丈”、“尺”、“寸”度之，室内面积则称之以“筵”，筵即席也。

７．建筑外观总的比较低平，这是因为当时尚未能解决高层结构问题。但后来出现了高台建筑，使建筑外观有了很大变化。已知当时建筑的屋盖形式有四坡（即“四阿”）、攒尖、两坡等多种。色彩方面，除柱按等级着色外，又有墙面刷白、地面涂黑的做法。

建筑构件的外形也常予以装饰，如燕下都出土“山”字形栏干砖、虎头形出水管等。在装饰构图方面，如同心圆、卷叶、饕餮、龙凤、云山、重环等纹样，常见于瓦当及空心砖上。而铸于铜器、漆器上的纹样就更加精美，如三角形、波形、涡形等，其中若干亦已用于建筑本身的装饰。

明清科技的时代正是商品经济的资本主义萌芽时期，他是具有时代新特征，但也是封建鼎盛起，是封建科技的集大成就。

   传统的科技（比如农、医、地理。这都是有封建特征的科技，而同时期的都是有资本主义特征的工业科技）。

蒙古

24﹣400

转写：Temüǰin，西里尔：Тэмүжин），孛儿只斤氏（蒙古语：ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ，鲍培转写：Borǰigin，西里尔：Боржигин），蒙古乞颜（起延）部人。1206年春天—1227年8月25日在位。1206年他登基时，诸王和群臣为他上蒙语尊号成吉思汗。1999年12月的美国时代周刊评选出世界千年伟大人物，成吉思汗被列为千年人物中亚洲人的次位（即第22位，第十七位为甘地）。[9]

至元二年（1265年）十月，元世祖忽必烈追尊成吉思汗庙号为太祖，[10]至元三年（1266年）十月，太庙建成，制尊谥庙号，元世祖追尊成吉思汗谥号为圣武皇帝。[11][12][13]至大二年十二月六日（1310年1月7日），元武宗海山加上尊谥法天启运，庙号太祖。从此之后，成吉思汗的谥号变为法天启运圣武皇帝。 [14]

在他众子中，最为著名的四位分别是术赤、察合台、窝阔台和拖雷。成吉思汗分封了术赤和察合台为国主，钦定窝阔台为继承人。1227年成吉思汗去世后，拖雷自动退出继承人的选拔，担任监国两年后，1229年，拖雷和宗王们一起拥戴自己的三哥窝阔台登基。1232年九月，在消灭金朝军队精锐主力后，拖雷去世，1234年2月9日，蒙古灭金朝。

元成宗时期，元朝皇帝作为整个蒙古帝国共主的身份获得四大汗国承认，通用于汉地的“皇帝”称号也被四大汗国真正意义上承认，如同唐太宗被汉人用汉语称呼为大唐皇帝，同时又被西北各族用突厥语等语言尊称为“天可汗”，事实上是两个职位，与欧洲神圣罗马帝国兼任某国国王或大公相同。

1219年农历五月，铁木真派刘仲禄邀请长春真人丘处机前往蒙古草原的诏书中，自称为“朕”，将自己建国登基称为“践祚”。[19]

1220年，铁木真第二次派曷剌邀请丘处机前往中亚草原的诏书中，仍然以“朕”自称。[20]

1227年全真教道士李志常写成的《长春真人西游记》，记录了丘处机从1219年受邀西行直至1227年去世的事迹，书中对铁木真的称呼是“成吉思皇帝”。将他下的命令称为“圣旨”。[21]

1221年南宋使者赵珙出使大蒙古国，回来后著有《蒙鞑备录》，书中对铁木真的称呼是“成吉思皇帝”。

《蒙鞑备录》中提到，铁木真在位时期，朝廷使用的金牌，带两虎相向，曰虎头金牌，用汉字曰：“天赐成吉思皇帝圣旨,当便宜行事”。其次素金牌，曰：“天赐成吉思皇帝圣旨疾。”[22]

1998年，一块“圣旨金牌”发现于河北廊坊，正面刻双钩汉字：“天赐成吉思皇帝圣旨疾。”和《蒙鞑备录》所记载的素金牌上汉文完全相同。背面牌心刻双钩契丹文，其汉语意思为：“速、走马，或快马”[23]。“圣旨牌”是皇帝的象征，代表皇帝，一般和圣旨同行，见圣旨牌如见皇帝，是圣旨真实的权威证明。朝廷颁发各种诏敕，包括调发军旅，都是圣旨与“圣旨牌”一起下达的。这块圣旨牌的发现，说明铁木真在世时，已称“成吉思皇帝”，这是值得重视的历史事实。

1232年南宋使者彭大雅随奉使到大蒙古国，使者徐霆1235年—1236年随奉使到大蒙古国，二人返回南宋后，彭大雅撰写，并由徐霆作疏，合著《黑鞑事略》，书中对铁木真的称呼是“成吉思皇帝”。the mongols 

During  the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties, China becomes the richest, powerful, and most advanced country in the world.

Tang and Song China experienced an era of prosperity and technological innovation.

-geography of the 

Chinese inventions from this period, such as printing, gunpowder, and the compass, changed history. 

imported fast-ripening rice from Vietnam

allowed two crops each season instead of one

fueled population increase

mathematics flourished

adopted the use of algebra and the concept of zero

invented movable type

developed gunpowder

wealth, education, and urban culture = artistic achievement

great poetry 

Li Bo and Du Fu

Three-color ware was one of the greatest contributions of the Tang Dynasty.

Many figurines, predominantly horses and camels, were produced. 

Tang:Expanded the empire,
had a female ruler,
Both
Prospered through trade, improved agriculture, created great art and literature
Song:Ruled smaller empire,
developed into great sea power, created paper money and movable type Buddhism steppes of Asia

The nomadic way of life

-steppe nomads are pastoralists - herd domesticated

-

-

-

Genghis Knan unites the mongols

death and succession

Genghis knan dies in 1227

The khanates

east west

The mongols as rulers

The monger peace1300s

The rise of the ming

China became a dominant power

vassals states in Korea paid the Ming tribute

China expected the same from Europeans

Was not going to let outsiders threaten peace 

Ming had ended Mongol rule

Hongwu a peasant's son who drove the mongols out

ruled from yuan capital 

restored destroyed fields

erased all traces of the mongol past

hongwu's agriculture reforms increased rice pro.../

1398.death

yonglo his son emerged victorious 

moved the royal court to beijing

yonglo had a curiosity of the outside world

launched 7 voyages

27000 people

trade policies in the 1500's isolation

only government could conduct foreign trade

only trade

Qing

greatest size

Food

1.food~~~~~

China and the west

China rejected offers of trade from the West because,,

The tea opium connection

Foreigners were only allowed to trade at the southern port of guangzhou

trade balance was in china's favor

european merchants decide to sell the habit forming drug opium a narcotic derived from the opium poppy plant in china to obtain a favorable trade balance

by 1835  as many as 1.2 million chinese were addicted

war breaks out

the qing emperor was angry about the drug trade coming from the british

in 1839 the emperor 's advisor writes a letter to queen victoria demanding the drug trade…

opening door

stop trade

Extraterritorial rights

treaty of wanghia

growing internal problems

population grew to 430 million by 1859

tai-ping rebellion

foreign influence grows

taiping rebellion other rebellions

external

pressure from foreign powers was increasing

debates emerged in the qing court 

some leaders wanted to reform and modernize according to western ways 

some clung to traditional chinese ways

Resistance to change

dowager empress cixi

held power in china from 1862-1908

other nations step in 

foreign nations attack china and through treated fain more control over china's economy

manu pf europe

an upsurge chinese nationalism

1898

the boxer rebellion

results of the boxer rebellion

1900

The china martyrs of 1900

chinese martyrs

both the roman catholic and eastern ,,,,,

Beginning of reform

1905-1906

a constitutional monarchy was suffested

a national assembly was convened within a year but change was slow

in 1908 the court promised a constitutional government b7 1907

china would continue to have unrest for the next four decades

HW Thursday

That reading shows us the computer science is growing up in China now. Though it is incomplete now, it becomes having more and more competitive power.  It more cares of  the users feelings , so it does not really matter of the incomplete skills.

BBC article response

The Chinese interest in the western phone market is completely understandable. Business is booming, and who wouldn't want a slice of the money, especially with the technology they claim to have. To be a phone company  and not want to extend your reach to the Americas, you would have to be crazy. The technology that hey have far exceeds the capabilities of the top of the line smart phones of today, which is hard to believe with the hype that we as consumers put around them, which makes this brand a hard sell. Getting into the market is one thing, and selling the product is a complete other.

The company claims to have a phone with high resolution and a 15 megapixel camera all the while being waterproof. This sounds too good to be true, and to many people it may be. We see the new Apple iPhone come out and we think that its the phone with the most quality assurance because its got all the latest innovations from a big name company. We don't stop to consider the idea that a company that is relatively unknown may have a better product because we haven't been inoculated with the information that is so readily available. These phones seem amazing, but exposure is the main reason why they wouldn't sell well among circles that weren't actively a part of technological advancement.

In this day and age, we have many things to be wary of. For some it may be terrorism or drone strikes or school shootings, but in the minds eye of the world, we have a huge emphasis on security through the products we use every day. If we cannot be guaranteed that safety, then there's a chance that people wouldn't want to support that product. Especially if a government flat out endorses not supporting these companies, as it is one of the worst forms of publicity. These phones, of "phablets" show great promise, and with a long battery span, a high resolution and a high resolution camera, and being waterproof, it shows that its a leading contender. What it really needs however is endorsement and a less sketchy background.

So... I got a little carried away

This is funny this article should come up because it was something I was beginning to wonder about more and more: if it is such a technological super power why aren’t Chinese brands found in America and why is it that students from China don’t have Chinese phones that are crazy advanced but they prefer Iphones? But I began not to think much of it as we have begun to delve into china’s isolation and independence from the world. I just simply figured they had their phones we had ours and didn’t think too much of it. However as I begin read this article a few ideas start floating into my head: why not, these phones do have better quality, what is the price range going to be. And as I read farther in I begin to see that the ‘security threat’ that may or may not be more than just simply the American government trying to deflect foreign goods from taking from American pockets.  And lastly I see how much better these products are than the products we have, better resolution, better cameras, longer battery life, and an overall larger screen. And while one of these phones may not be very successful, that is where having two is that much larger an advantage. If one phone isn’t for a person maybe the other is. And so while the company not being well known and the company being from a foreign countrymay be an issue, that has never stopped American consumers and assuming they look at the statistics; these are incredibly hard to match.

Let’s look at the two phones themselves. We have the Ascend Mate that is 6.1 inch display. And the Ascend D2 with higher screen resolution than the iphone 5, 13 megapixel camera, two day’s battery life, and water proof. Both run on Google’s Android Market. And these are impressive statistics given these are the main complaints from smart phone users and really any phone use. Dropping your phone in water ruins almost anyone’s day, smart phone user or not and so does a dead battery.  And when it comes to smart phones everyone is about resolution and screen size since the phone is a touch screen. And while the Ascend Mate borders on too big and is in the recently created “phablet” category some people may argue in the western market you can’t have “too anything” because it is all about excess. So while I personally am not a smart phone user these statistics look really impressive and a 13 megapixel camera is really interesting for someone who enjoys photography like myself. But also not being a smart phone user, I turn to the dark question of price. According to an estimate by fonearena.com the estimated price of the Ascend Mate is $844.44 and the Ascend D2 at 777.78… Seemly large numbers so I compared them to that of the Apple Iphone 5 which weighed in at a totally 1011.11. So assuming you had the money to spend on these phone,s not only do the specs for these two incoming phones look impressive but there price is considerably lower than Apple’s. To really sum up the math, the D2 with a 5 megapixel higher camera, higher resolution, I inch larger display, is water proof, and is 233.33 dollars cheaper… Why wouldn’t you buy it?

                Well this article would argue that it is a threat to security as it is could be used to “unlawfully monitor communications and other activity” which I initially assumed was a way to scare people from what is obviously a better deal but is one that inadvertently steals American business and sends that millions poured into the mobile phone market overseas to another country, one which we already outsource to and use to manufacture a good majority of store bought goods from. But then something came up in the back of my mind which lead me to look up a New York Times article. Internet Censorship. We have probably heard about it in China but not thought much of it or heard specific facts. In pop culture America this means that Chinese internet bans Facebook and has fought with Google… But wait these two phones are powered by the Google’s Android Market… And so I figured I should read this article and gain little more knowledge from a more reputable source than Facebook memes and rants.  This article talked about government banning of websites with the Dalai Lama and the word “freedom” and other extreme things like this however that doesn’t really relate to phones. Or does it? As this began to be protested, China, in the words of the New York Times “tightened its grip on electronic communications… phone calls, electronic messages, e-mails and access to the internet.” And so while the content istself that was blocked and monitored wasn’t super important, that fact that it was/is makes the issue here. The Chinese government wanted more and more for people to provide their real name and identity in order to use the internet, preventing anonymity. Direct threats to these rules were mobile phone users as they were more easily able to access the internet anonymously. A rudimentary part of out coming phones in the western world is Facebook, Youtube and Twitter, however all of these are banned in China. The government in China has shutdown, according to the New York Times, “more than 1,900 web sites and 250 blogs…but also online message groups and even cellphone text messages.” Cellphone text Messages. Now this has made a full connection to these phones. These new incoming phones have now lost some luster. If I buy a Chinese phone am I at risk of both being monitored and having my text messages deleted just simply because of the use of “freedom” or the Dalai Lama in a conversation? Just simply because of the country from which I bought my phone? But this is all powered by Google isn’t it? Which is clashing with China for Internet censorship and monitoring? The whole thing is kind of clouded with issues. And while I hate to sound like a conspiracy theorist I also don’t want an invasion of my privacy and violation of my rights as an individual. So these phones look great, but I think security is a valid concern. I am not saying by any means not to support this company or their phones but to do more research and make an educated purchase.

http://www.fonearena.com/huawei-ascend-d2_2400.html

http://www.fonearena.com/huawei-ascend-d2_2400.html

http://www.fonearena.com/apple-iphone-5_2315.html

http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/news/international/countriesandterritories/china/internet_censorship/index.html

BBC News

Huawei, one of many Chinese companies that attended the CSE in Las Vegas this year. The difference between Huawei and the other Chinses companies is that Huawei has unveiled two products that compete with Apple and Samsung. Huawie is also unique according to the US government because Huawie poses a "security threat."
Huawie has a new producted called the Ascend D2, its a phone and tablet (Phablet). The Ascent D2 is Apple's iPhone 5 competition. Thier other product is a tablet that has a 6.1 in display. Both products have bigger screens and higher screen resolution.
Huawie poses as a "security threat" to the US government. The company is seen as a threat because the US fears that they will use their technolgy in a unfawful way. The US fears that Huawie will monitor international communications.

BBC News, CES 2013

An electronics company called Huawei located in China released a new smartphone. This phone had a 15 cm screen challenging the Galaxy Note. This company has been consider a security threat by public relations and Washington. They believe they will use it to monitor communications. This is different from the goals the actual company proposed which is to become a well known company around the world.

The company has been striving to outshine all the other smartphones. They have developed phones that have better systems than other phone already. They have the software already they just need to get the popularity among the people. If more people find out about they could quickly become a rich company. They also need to get the public security threat out of the air so they can be trusted around the globe.

To me this company doesn't seem to pose a threat to public security. I personally would buy and use the phone freely. I would think that if the company doesn't monitor communications it will become a well known company globally and may out shine others. From what they said it does seem that the company will quickly become more and more popular with other companies such as Microsoft and Samsung.

BBC News

With the Chinese entering the Western mobile market with two new mobile devices that are better than the iPhone 5, the United States government is questioning whether or not they would be a security threat to America. The company "Huawei"is world known company that is hoping to expand to Western consumers but the US government is questioning their validity. Washington is warning companies to stay away from them.

The Ascend D2 boasts a 13 megapixel camera, up to 2 days of battery life, and even waterproof.  The iPhone 5 has none of those capabilities. Huawei hopes that these features will attract consumers in the Western market. Huawei hopes that this year will be very profitable for them, although their sales in the market is low, less than 1% in the US and Germany.

Huawei knows what consumers want in their phones as they have added a longer lasting battery. They also have a bigger screen size, which is becoming more likable to consumers. Although it is risky to accept an unknown company into the mobile device market, Huawei thinks the customers will enjoy their products.

the article that i read talked about china and how it is progressing in technology. they have made two new things the huawei's ascend mate and the ascend D2. they have started to sell them in the western
markets. 

The USA thinks that it can be a problem when it comes to security. 
they think this because washington D.C feels like some people may be able to used to watch things and get in touch with some people or things illegally.
one person said that right now if we do take the two things then it can be a risk right now because we don't know that much about it and because they are not certain that it will be used appropriately in our country 

BBC News Article

This article shows that china is very advanced to have come up with a phone better than the samsung galaxy and the smart phone but there are reasons why those phone are not allowed. America thinks that these new phones can be used to unlawfully monitor communications and other activity. i Think there is a side of America not admitting that China had developed something better than what they made. American made companies might also be showing a little bit of racism.

bbc response

in this article it talks about huawei's plan for phones and it made a phone the size of the Galaxy note 2 an d a phone that has better resolutions than the iPhone 5 ( which isn't all that impressive because my phone is like that) and a battery that has 2 days of life which is literally unbelievable.
i am one of the few who prefer Galaxy of iPhone (go galaxy) because it has better life power and better resolution only downfall which is the same thing with PS3  is that everyone has Xbox and iPhone (crazy). it also talks about how they believe that in just one year with 2 phones they are going to become this big huge phone company. personally i don't think that it is going to be 1 year but several. because i don't is because it took years and trillions of dollars for those companies to become big and frankly the worlds economy cant afford that right now.

BBC News

In this article it talks about how electronic companies went to a electronic show in Las Vegas to show off their new tablets and suck. The firm called their tablet the "Ascend Mate." They were saying how they 
based this device off of all the complaints that the iPhone 5 and the Samsung tablets were having. 

The firm showed how the device was water proof during their demo at the show in Las Vegas. They also said that the device was able to keep a charge going for two day without charging it every night like an iPhone or a Samsung. The reason why they did this is because the consumers that have either a iPhone or a Samsung complained about how short the life was on an iPhone and a Samsung. So, the firm made this device has a longer charge.

Many of the experts that were at the show said that this company is going to have a hard to pushing this product because they aren't as big as Apple and Samsung. The company is from China. They took a risk putting all of these applications in the device for a company that was on a budget. But, experts say that this device will be a big hit with consumers because it has everything they wanted. 

China tech

In this article they talk about how these Chinese and other brands that are exclusive to other countries are coming out with these new devices that are supposedly just as good or better than the apple or Microsoft or Samsung devices. They are saying that in most ways they do fulfill their promises. But the reason that they haven't gotten on the global market is because first they are not a well known company being brand new and having just one or two products out. And second because in the U.S especially they call these companies security threats which is understandable but I don't think that they are. but it is justifiable.

One of the main topics presented was that of the battery life which is no doubt one of the most annoying things about these smart products out right now and it is surprising it hasn't been fixed yet considering the fact that there has been this same problem with multiple products. But this new device answers back with saying that their product has the ability to last almost two days which is something that would automatically win over thousands of buyers.

Knowing this information I think that it is safe to say that this product will get big and the company will get more popular. Although it think that it will take years like 5-10. Also it hint that the company will have to be proven safe by the U.S which tells me that the next place for this product to be available in is most likely Europe but its still early to tell.

china gets techy

This article surprised me a little, no racism intended but it would
seem in the past that some chinese companies thrive off of making technoloically, and qualatative inferior versions of popular american and japanese technology and devices. Now it would seem that china is stepping up their game and getting serious abot making quality devices that would benefit the common public worldwide.

BBC New article

In this article it talks about two electronic firms in China that are introducing new electronics globally. By doing this they hope to become a well known electronic firm that will do well in todays economy. In this article they compare one of their devices from the two companies to a device from well known companies.
In the comparison they show pluses of their device that the well known companies device does not have. One big plus that they were talking about was a higher battery life that could even last 2 days. This intrigued me because of one of those 50 percent that have the battery life as the number one concern I liked that this device could last two days. This is also something that these companies believed would help them do well globally.
Although these companies and their devices have some interesting features and things, I do not believe they will be able to compete with the well known electronic firms. Knowing me I do not like to venture out to things that aren't name brand and I believe a lot of people are like that too. I also believe that the idea of these companies being a security threat can effect how they do. So overall I believe that they can do well in some cases but will not become something like Samsung or Apple. 

2-20-13 hw

2-20-13
1.
2.
3. people rode horses to an area, and voted with their horse fee. they were also promoted based on merit, not faily/social standing
4. Kublai,
5. rejuvinated cros- uerasian trade
increased communication throughout eurasia
sperad different cuisines
useful people were reloated
totally tolerant to different religions, except daoism

Video Response 2/19

1.) According to Mr. Green, why do nomads migrate and live near settled peoples?

They need to trade to gain food and supplies

2.) Why do pastoral peoples tend to be less patriarchal and more egalitarian?

When there is less food to go around, Both the men and women must work together to survive.

3.) How did the Mongols choose their leaders?

With a vote of people showing up on horses

4.) Name the 4 Khanates that existed after the death of Genghis Khan and their locations.

Yuan dynasty

Ilkhanate

Chagatai

 Khanate of the Golden Horde

5.) Name the 5 reasons Mongols are awesome, according to Mr. Green.

The Mongols reinvigorated cross Eurasian trade

The Mongols increased communication through Eurasia

Another thing that traveled along the Mongol trade route was cuisine

The Mongols forcibly relocated useful personnel: artisans, administrators, etc.

Mongols were extremely tolerant of other religions

Wait for it... The Mongols!!

1. Nomads travel to different areas according to the weather conditions so they can feed their flocks and they love near settled people so they can trade their goods.
2. Because when there is more of a need to survive there will be less patriarchal with women.
3. The ruler would call a general council and anyone who supported his candidacy would show up on their horses.
4. The Ilkanate, the Yuan dynasty, The Khanate of the Golden Horde, and the Chagatai Khanate.
5.  The mongols reinvigorated cross Eurasian trade, the mongols increased communication through Eurasia, one of the many things the mongols traded was cuisine, the mongols forcibly relocated people who were useful to them, and the mongols were unprecedentedly tolerant of different religions.

1. Nomads migrated and lived near settled people because they needed to trade.
2. It was more egalitarian because both the women and men worked. If it was patriarchal their system of that would not have worked.
3. A respected leader would call a general council and anyone who supported the candidate would show up riding their horses.
4. 1. Yuan Dynasty - China
2. Ilkanate - Persian
3. Chagatai - central Asia
4. Golden Horde - Russia
5. 1. The Mongols really did reinvigorate cross-Eurasian trade.
2. The Mongols increased communication through Eurasia.
3. Another thing that traveled along the Mongol trade routes was cuisine.
4. The Mongols forcibly relocated people who were useful to them.
5. The Mongols were almost unprecedentedly tolerant of different religions.

mongols CCWH #17

1. becuase nomads dont generally produce manufacterd goods which means they need to trade
2. becuase when men and women must work to survive there tend to be less patriarchal
3. anybody that would want someone to be leader they would show up to his place with their horses
4. the golden horde, ilkhanate, yuan dynasty, and chagatai khanatethe 
5. the mongols reinvigorate cross-eurasian trade, the mongols increased communication through eurasia, another thing that traveled along the mongols trade route was cuisine, the mongols forcibly relocated people who were useful to them, and the mongols were almost unprecedentedly tolerant of different religions.

Mr. Green

1)  Mr. Green said that the reason why the nomads lived so close to settlements was because of the trading they could do.
2) the mongols needed both men and women to work so they could have a successful social class.
3) The people would call a general council and who ever was voted in rode on their horse to meet the council.
4) yuan dynasty, Ilkhanate, Chagatai, Golden Horde
5)  The Mongols restored cross Eurasian trade. They also created the yam system. They spread Their own food and cultural through trade as well. Relocated people with important traits so that they could be in different areas of the Mongolian empire. They were very tolerant to other people's religions.